Dr. Krutthika Hirebasur Krishnappa

Quantum Cryptography and its applications

Abstract:

Quantum cryptography uses principles of quantum mechanics to create highly secure communication systems. It relies on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), such as the BB84 protocol, to safely share encryption keys using quantum particles like photons. The unique behavior of these particles ensures that any attempt to intercept or eavesdrop on the key is immediately detected, as the quantum state changes when observed. This makes quantum cryptography far more secure than traditional encryption methods.

Applications include secure communications for governments, banks, and defense systems, where data protection is critical. It can be used to safeguard sensitive information in industries like healthcare and finance. Quantum cryptography also helps create tamper-proof communication channels, ensuring privacy in long-distance communications, even via satellites. For instance, the Micius satellite has demonstrated secure quantum communication over thousands of kilometers. This technology is also being explored to strengthen existing networks against the future risks posed by quantum computers, which could break conventional encryption. With its unique properties, quantum cryptography is paving the way for safer data exchange and storage in various fields.